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updated: December, 2009

Thesis Title: Patterns evolution in the practice of DSD within Internal Offshoring environments: a Capability Model

Supervisor: Dr. Jorge Luis Nicolas Audy               Co-supervisor: Dr. Daniela Damian      Start date: March, 2005                                      End date: December, 2009

Research Current Status

100%

First Phase	100%
Literature review	100%
Case studies	100%
Data analysis and report	100%
Analysis of existing models	100%
Preliminary results	100%
Second Phase	100%
Survey planning and execution	100%
Data analysis and report	100%
Systematic review	100%
Patterns of evolution model proposal	100%
Thesis writing	100%

The search for competitive advantage in distributed software development (DSD) has forced organizations to search for external solutions in other countries (offshore sourcing, or offshoring). The two main options include offshore outsourcing (contracting services with an external company) and internal offshoring (contracting with a wholly owned subsidiary). In this project, our main purpose is to understand how the practices of organizations involved in the internal offshoring of software development evolve over time, from a software engineering perspective, and from the point of view of the subsidiaries.
While most of the existent literature is concentrated on the strategic aspects of each DSD model, there are many challenges not documented from the software engineering point of view. And what is a “new” issue for an organization entering such arrangement is in fact something already been dealt with – in a variety of ways – by organizations that have started earlier.

     To date, there are few studies that deal with a maturity perspective in distributed software development. Most of them are related to strategic decisions and don’t assume that software engineering challenges might be different depending on the DSD arrangement chosen. In a study conducted at IBM by Sengupta et. al. (2006), the authors have identified four areas where important research questions need to be addressed to make distributed development more effective. One of the areas is related to process and metrics. The authors identified that one of the possible research topics is the identification of some key process areas to improve the current capability maturity models for software development. Another study conducted by Ramasubbu et. al. (2005) identified 24 new key process areas for managing global projects.

Based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, this project aim at first to understand the differences between offshore outsourcing and internal offshoring, and then to propose a model that encompasses the evolution of software development activities within and among several subsidiaries owned by an organization. This evolution has been organized in attributes classified in four dimensions: people, project, portfolio and subsidiary.
To develop our model, an extensible literature review was conducted to guide the development of an interview guide. Several people were interviewed in five companies in order to understand how software engineering activities are been dealt in different DSD settings. Using the same set of data, the research team also looked at specific differences in the internal offshoring of software development. Maturity attributes were identified and classified in one of the four dimensions defined, as well as the proper evolution. In the subsequent phase, a survey was developed in order to evaluate the attributes and its evolutions. Based on the results of this survey, and together with a systematic review on studies about the DSD evolution and the internal offshoring of software development, the model is been developed.
The result of this project may help those companies starting offshore software development operations with wholly owned subsidiaries to better understand, besides strategic decisions, some of the steps that can be followed in order to increase the chance to succeed in this environment.

News

- IEEE Events Calendar

- ACM Events Calendar

Events

- International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), 2010, Princetown, USA

- International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), 2009, Limerick, Ireland

- II Brazilian Workshop on Distributed Software Development at SBES 2008, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

- Workshop on DSD – Methods and Tools for Risk Management (DSDMTRM), 2008, Bangalore, India

- International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), 2008, Bangalore, India

- Software Engineering Approaches for Offshore Software Development (SEAFOOD), 2008, Zurich, Switzerland

- Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2008, Hawaii, USA

- Ninth Intl Conf on eXtreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, 2008, Limerick, Ireland

- International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), 2008, Bangalore, India

- Global Sourcing Workshop, 2008, Val d'Isère, France

- I Brazilian Workshop on Distributed Software Development at SBES 2007, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

- International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), 2007, Munich, Germany

- Global Requirements Engineering Workshop (GREW), 2007, Munich, Germany

- Workshop on the Challenges of Collaborative Work in Global Software Development, 2007, Limerick, Ireland

- Second International Conference on Management of Globally Distributed Work, 2007, Bangalore, India

- Software Engineering Approaches for Offshore Software Development (SEAFOOD), 2007, Zurich, Switzerland

- International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), 2006, Florianópolis, Brazil

- First International Workshop on Global Software Development for the Practitioner, 2006, Shanghai, China

- International Workshop on Distributed Software Development, 2005, Paris, France

- Workshop on Global Software Development at ICSE, 2004, Edinburgh, Scotland

- Workshop on Global Software Development at ICSE, 2003, Portland, Oregon, USA

- Workshop on Global Software Development at ICSE, 2002, Orlando, Florida, USA

- GSD Working Group Meeting, September 17 - 19, 2004, SEGAL Labs, University of Victoria, Canada

- Working Group on Distributed Software Engineering

Journals & Magazines

- Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society - Special issue on Global Software Engineering

- Information and Software Technology

- Information Systems Research

- MISQ - Special Issue on Offshoring Information Technology, 2008

- Information Systems Management

- IT & People, 2008, Special Issue on Global Sourcing

- CACM, 49(10), Oct 2006, Special Issue on Flexible and distributed software processes

- Information and Software Technology, 48(9), Sept 2006, Special Issue on Distributed Software Development

- IEEE Software, 23(5), Sept/Oct 2006, Special Issue on Global Software Development

- IEEE Software, 18(2), Mar/Apr 2001, Special Issue on Global Software Development

- ACM Queue, 1(9), Dec/Jan 2003-2004, Special Issue on Distributed Development

- Software Process Improvement and Practice, 8(4), Oct/Dec 2003, Special Issue on Global Software Development

This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be re-posted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. QUALIS corresponds to the classification of each publication in Brazil based on several criteria defined by the CAPES Agency (Ministry of Education), together with the graduate programs.

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R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, R. A. Glanzner, "WAVE – Um Modelo de Capacidade para Desenvolvimento de Software com Captive Centers”. Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software, 2011, Curitiba.

R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, "Managing Global Software Engineering: A Comparative Analysis of Offshore Outsourcing and the Internal Offshoring of Software Development”. Accepted for publication at the Information Systems Management Journal.

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R. PRIKLADNICKI, J. L. N. AUDY, F. SHULL, "Patterns in Effective Distributed Software Development". IEEE Software, v. 27, p. 12-15, 2010.

R. PRIKLADNICKI, J. L. N. AUDY, "Process Models in the Practice of Distributed Software Development: A Systematic Review of the Literature". Information and Software Technology, v. 1, p. 1-1, 2010.

R. PRIKLADNICKI, E. CARMEL, J. L. N. AUDY, "Global Software Engineering and the Brazilian Perspective". Editorial. Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society, special issue on Global Software Engineering, v. 16, no 2, 2010.

R. PRIKLADNICKI, "Propinquity in Global Software Engineering: Examining Perceived Distance in Globally Distributed Project Teams". Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice, 2010.

R. A. Glanzner, R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, "Classificando organizações de Desenvolvimento
Distribuído de Software no modelo de capacidade WAVE, " Accepted to be presented at IV Workshop em Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software, 2010, Salvador. WDDS, 2010.

R. PRIKLADNICKI, J. L. N. AUDY, "Distributed Software Development with Captive Centers". INFOCOMP (UFLA. Impresso), 2010.

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R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, "Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software com Captive Centers," Proc. of the Third Brazilian Workshop on Distributed Software Development (collocated with the XXII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering), Fortaleza, Brazil, 2009, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, "Comparing Offshore Outsourcing and the Internal Offshoring of Software Development: A Qualitative Study," In Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2009), San Francisco, USA, 2009.

R. Prikladnicki, "Exploring Propinquity in Global Software Engineering," In IEEE Int'l Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 09), Limerick, Ireland, 2009.

R. Prikladnicki, "QUASE – A Quantitative Approach to Analyze the Human Aspects of Software Development Projects," In CHASE (Collaborative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering) at ICSE, Vancouver, Canada, 2009.

R. Prikladnicki, A. Boden, "Towards an Understanding of the Different Dimensions of Conducting Qualitative Research in Global Software Engineering," In Workshop on Qualitative Research in Software Engineering (QUALSE), Vancouver, Canada.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Distributed Project Management," In Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Computer Engineering (Benjamim Wah, ed.), 2009.

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R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Interdisciplinaridade na Engenharia de Software - Interdisciplinarity in Software Engineering, " In Revista Scientia, v. 19, n. 2, p. 117-127, July - Dec, 2008, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Uma Abordagem Quantitative para Gerenciar a Distância Percebida em Equipes Distribuídas de Desenvolvimento de Software," In Infocomp Journal of Computer Science, Special Edition, 2008, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Gestão Quantitativa de Pessoas em DDS: primeira aplicação de um modelo para o cálculo da distância percebida relativa em equipes distribuídas de desenvolvimento de software," Proc. of the Second Brazilian Workshop on Distributed Software Development (collocated with the XXI Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering), Campinas, Brazil, 2008, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, D. Damian and J. L. N. Audy, "Patterns of Evolution in the Practice of Distributed Software Development in Wholly Owned Subsidiaries: A Preliminary Capability Model ," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 08), Bangalore, India, 2008.

M. Cristal, D. Wildt, and R. Prikladnicki, "Usage of SCRUM practices within CMM global companies," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 08), Bangalore, India, 2008.

R. Prikladnicki, and L. Pilatti, "Improving contextual skills in Global Software Engineering: A corporate training experience," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 08), Bangalore, India, 2008.

R. Prikladnicki, D. Damian, and J. L. N. Audy, "Patterns of Evolution in the Practice of Distributed Software Development: Quantitative Results from a Systematic Review," Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE), Bari, Italy, 2008.

R. Prikladnicki, R. Evaristo, D. Damian, and J. L. N. Audy, "Conducting Qualitative Research in an International and Distributed Research Team: Challenges and Lessons Learned," Proc. 41th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 08), Hawaii, minitrack Research Methods and Applications, 2008.

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H. L. Cuckierman, C. Teixeira, and R. Prikladnicki, "Um Olhar Sociotécnico sobre a Engenharia de Software," In "Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada", vol. 14, n.2, 199-219, 2007, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, C. de Souza, "Pesquisas Qualitativas em Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software: Um Relato de Experiências com Estudo de Caso e Etnografia," Proc. IV Experimental Software Engineering Latin America Workshop, São Paulo, Brazil, 2007, in Portuguese.

J. L. N. Audy, and R. Prikladnicki, "Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software: Desenvolvimento de Software com Equipes Distribuídas," Série Livros Didáticos Campus-SBC, Editora Campus/Elsevier, 2007. First book in portuguese about distributed software development. Click here for more information.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Um Modelo para o Cálculo da Distância Percebida Relativa em Equipes Distribuídas de Desenvolvimento Software," Proc. First Brazilian Workshop on Distributed Software Development (collocated with the XXI Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering), João Pessoa, Brazil, 2007, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Como Evoluem as Organizações de DDS em Ambientes de Internal Offshoring? Um Estudo Qualitativo Preliminar," Proc. First Brazilian Workshop on Distributed Software Development (collocated with the XXI Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering), João Pessoa, Brazil, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. Cardoso, "Como o ensino de DDS pode auxiliar na aprendizagem de desenvolvimento de software como um todo? Uma avaliação inicial com alunos de cursos de graduação da PUCRS," Proc. First Brazilian Workshop on Distributed Software Development (collocated with the XXI Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering), João Pessoa, Brazil, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, AUDY, D. Damian, and T. C. Oliveira, "Distributed Software Development: Practices and challenges in different business strategies of offshoring and onshoring," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 07), Munich, Germany, 2007.

C. H. Szymanski, and R. Prikladnicki, "The Evolution of the Internal Offshore Software Development Model at Dell Inc," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 07), Munich, Germany, 2007.

L. Pilatti, R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Avaliando os Impactos dos Aspectos Não-Técnicos da Engenharia de Software em Ambientes de Desenvolvimento Global de Software: Um Caso Prático," Proc. III Workshop Um Olhar Sócio-Técnico sobre a Engenharia de Software (WOSES 07), Porto de Galinhas, Brazil. VI SBQS - Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software, 2007, in Portuguese, www.cos.ufrj.br/~woses.

R. Prikladnicki, R. Evaristo, J. L. N. Audy, and M. H. Yamaguti, "Minimizing the Challenges of Risk Management in Distributed IT Projects: The Importance of the Alignment of Strategic, Tactical, and Operational Levels," In: Ned Kock. (Org.). E-Collaboration in Modern Organizations: Initiating and Managing Distributed Projects (Advances in e-Collaboration Series: Volume 2), 2007.

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R. Prikladnicki, R. Evaristo, J. L. N. Audy, and M. H. Yamaguti, "Risk Management in Distributed IT Projects: Integrating Strategic, Tactical, and Operational Levels in a Headquarter-Subsidiary Relationship," International Journal of e-Collaboration, Oct-Dec. 2006, v. 2, pp. 1-18.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, " Construção de Conhecimento e Complexidade na área de Engenharia de Software," Proc. II Workshop Um Olhar Sócio-Técnico sobre a Engenharia de Software (WOSES 06), Vila Velha, Brazil. V SBQS - Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software, pp. 51-64, 2007, in Portuguese, www.cos.ufrj.br/~woses.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Uma Análise Comparativa de Práticas de Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software no Brasil e no exterior," Proc. 20th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES 06), Florianópolis, Brazil, pp. 255-270, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, and R. Evaristo, "A Reference Model for Global Software Development: Findings from a Case Study," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 06), Florianópolis, Brazil, IEEE Computer Society Press, p p. 18-25, 2006.

R. Prikladnicki, S. Marczak, and J. L. N. Audy, "MuNDDoS: A Research Group on Global Software Development," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 06), Florianópolis, Brazil, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 251-252, 2006.

R. Prikladnicki, D. Damian, and J. L. N. Audy, "Offshoring Distributed Software Development: Issues and Challenges," Tech Report DCS-317-IR, University of Victoria, Canada, 2006.

R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, and D. Damian, "Offshore Sourcing of Software Development Projects:Towards a Maturity Model Proposal for Offshore Insourcing," 1st Int'l Doctoral Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering (IDoESE 06), Rio de Janeiro, 2006.

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R. Prikladnicki, R. Evaristo, K. Gallagher, L. Lopes, and J. L. N. Audy, "The Role of Culture in Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methodological Issues in an Exploratory Study of Cross-Cultural Distributed Software Development," 13th Annual Cross-Cultural Meeting in Information Systems at ICIS, Las Vegas, 2005.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Os Aspectos Não-Técnicos Intervenientes no Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software," Proc. I Workshop Um Olhar Sócio-Técnico sobre a Engenharia de Software (WOSES 05), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 45-56, in Portuguese, www.cos.ufrj.br/~woses.

R. Espindola, L. Lopes, R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "Uma Abordagem Baseada em Gestão do Conhecimento para Gerência de Requisitos em Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software," Proc. VIII Workshop on Requirements Engineering (WER 05), Cidade do Porto, Portugal, 2005, in Portuguese.

M. Vanzin, M. Blois, R. Prikladnicki, I. Ceccato, and D. Antunes, "Global Software Processes Definition in a Distributed Environment," Proc. 29th Annual NASA/IEEE Software Engineering Workshop, Washington DC, USA, 2005.

R. Evaristo, J. L. N. Audy, R. Prikladnicki, and J. Avritchir, "Wholly Owned Offshore Subsidiaries for IT Development: A Program of Research," Proc. 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 05), Hawaii, 2005.

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J. Avritchir, R. Prikladnicki, R. Evaristo, and J. L. N. Audy, "A Maturity Model for Offshore Insourcing: A Research Proposal," Proc. Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 04), New York, 2004.

R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, and R. Evaristo, "An Empirical Study on Global Software Development: Offshore Insourcing of IT Projects," Proc 3rd Int'l Workshop on Global Software Development at ICSE (GSD 04), Edinburgh, 2004.

Previous Publications Related to the PhD

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R. Prikladnicki, L. Lopes, J. L. N. Audy, and R. Evaristo, "Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software: um Modelo de Classificação dos Níveis de Dispersão dos Stakeholders," Proc. I Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems (SBSI 04), Porto Alegre, Brazil, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, and J. L. N. Audy, "MuNDDoS: Um Modelo de Referência para Desenvolvimento Distribuído de Software," Proc. 20th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES 04), Brasilia, Brazil, in Portuguese.

R. Prikladnicki, J. L. N. Audy, and R. Evaristo, "A Reference Model for Global Software Development," Proc. 5th IFIP Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises, Toulosse, France, 2004.

MuNDDoS Researach Group on Global Software Engineering Click the logo to visit	SEGAL Lab Click the logo to visit

COMPLETE TIMELINE

2005	Location
Course: Artificial Intelligence	PUCRS
Course: Artificial Intelligence 2 - Advances Topics	PUCRS
Literature Review	PUCRS
Planning of research design	PUCRS
Papers published about the research idea (AMCIS, HICSS)	PUCRS
2006	Location
Course: HCI	PUCRS
Course: Direct Studies	UVIC
Data collection (First Stage - exploratory)	PUCRS and UVIC
Preliminary data analysis	PUCRS
Papers published about the results (SBES, IDoESE)	PUCRS
2007	Location
Literature review (Systematic review)	UVIC
Complete data analysis and report	UVIC
Analysis of existing studies on maturity models for distributed software development	UVIC
Preliminary results (end of First Stage)	UVIC
Survey planning and execution (Second Stage - confirmatory)	UVIC and PUCRS
Data analysis and report	UVIC
Patterns of evolution model proposal	UVIC
Papers published about the results (ICGSE, TBD)	UVIC
2008 - 2009	Location
Model evaluation (end of Second Stage)	PUCRS
Thesis writing	PUCRS
Papers published about the results (TBD)	PUCRS

rafaelp at pucrs dot br

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